Early detection of bed bugs is crucial, especially when dealing with a large infestation. Look for fecal marks, translucent shed skins, and unexplained bites.
Vacuum frequently, and always seal the vacuum bag. Check for eggs and shed skins in cracks, crevices, and carpet edging.
Preparing for treatment involves removing clutter, sealing cracks and crevices, and washing and drying bedding, curtains, and clothing in hot temperatures. Using mattress and box spring encasements can also help. Also, calling Pest Control Boise experts will put your mind at ease.
Vacuuming is a primary physical control method for bed bugs and can be done daily to remove fecal signs, cast skins, and unhatched eggs. It also helps expose bed bugs and their harborages, making them easier to treat and kill with other methods. When performing vacuuming, opt for a HEPA-filtered unit to minimize the possibility of bed bugs and their eggs becoming airborne as you work. A crevice tool attachment is also a must, as this will allow you to get into cracks and seams where the pests tend to hide.
After vacuuming, a sanitizing spray may be used to kill any remaining live bugs and their eggs. These products are typically non-toxic and can be purchased at most hardware stores, although the product label should always be read before use. Some products require the use of a protective mask due to their strong odors and fumes.
When bed bug infestations are discovered, the items in the affected room should be laundered immediately in hot water and dried at the highest heat setting. Any items that cannot be washed or dried should be placed in a plastic bag and stored until the pests can be treated.
Other physical methods include the use of pheromone traps, which attract and capture bed bugs without harming them, and the placement of interceptors underneath beds and sofa legs to trap bugs attempting to climb up the furniture. Homeowners can also help by maintaining a clutter-free environment, as this limits the number of hiding places for these hardy pests.
The most effective way to kill bed bugs is with targeted application of insecticides in key areas of the house where the pests are known to hide. This approach reduces chemical exposure to people and pets, as well as the risk of developing resistance to specific chemicals. The rotation of different insecticides over time and the use of combination treatments (insecticide plus other methods such as heat treatment, steaming, or vacuuming) will further reduce the chances for resistance development.
Other control measures that are not considered pesticides include the use of fungi and other natural predators, desiccants, neonicotinoids (which act on the nervous system of resistant pests in a different way from traditional pyrethrins and pyrethroids), and biological control agents (which target specific gene mutations in bed bug populations). Public education initiatives can also help homeowners understand the limitations and dangers of DIY methods and the importance of contacting a licensed professional to safely and effectively deal with a bed bug infestation.
Insecticide Application
For bed bugs and other indoor pests, insecticide application is a vital part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This approach includes nonchemical methods along with physical, cultural, and chemical pest management tools.
Vacuuming is a critical physical control tool that removes infested material, including eggs and bed bug adults, from mattresses, box springs, and other furniture. Be sure to use a vacuum with a HEPA filter to reduce the likelihood of bed bug escape and other airborne contamination. Regular cleaning and washing of fabrics at high temperatures will also reduce the risk of bed bug infestation.
When bed bugs are detected, spraying surfaces with a residual insecticide like Flex 10-10 or Gentrol IGR will help keep them under control. These treatments can also be used in cracks and crevices to prevent new outbreaks. When spraying with a product, it is important to follow the instructions on the label. Using the proper amount and spraying in the correct direction will ensure that the product is effectively applied.
Prepping the area for treatment is also critical. This should include vacuuming, using a canister or handheld vacuum with a HEPA bag, and emptying and sealing the contents. Then, double bag items that can’t be immediately cleaned or inspected and set aside until they can be treated or discarded. This includes items such as books, papers, CDs, toys, and electronics.
Infested bedding should be washed in hot water, and all surfaces should be wiped down with a disinfectant to reduce the potential spread of bed bug infestations. If the infestation is so severe that it cannot be managed through other means, heat treatment may be required. This involves raising the temperature in the room to above the thermal death point of the pests, which will kill them within a few hours.
Cultural controls are a crucial element of the battle against bed bugs, as they can make the environment less hospitable for these persistent pests and make other treatment options more effective. One way is to introduce predatory insects that have been shown to kill bed bugs, such as the masked hunter or red-eyed assassin bug. Another option is to introduce entomopathogenic fungi, which are strains of fungi that attack and infect insects, causing them to die.
Physical Barriers
Several physical control methods help limit the spread of bed bugs. These practices can be combined with other treatment strategies to ensure complete eradication of these resilient pests.
Regular vacuuming is a key element of this approach. Vacuuming removes nymphs, adults, and eggs from mattresses, box springs, and carpets, and can dislodge these pests from tight corners and crevices. Vacuum bags should be sealed tightly and disposed of immediately after vacuuming to prevent the release of these pests.
Occupants should wash infested bed linens, clothes, and curtains in hot water and then dry them on high heat for at least 20 minutes (120°F) to kill the insects. Laundering and drying are effective at killing pests, but they do not prevent them from reinfesting fabrics that have been laundered or treated. These items should be stored in plastic bags or containers until a professional can apply additional control measures.
Infested rooms should be thoroughly inspected before and after a pest control professional applies bed bug controls. This is especially important where heavy infestations are present. These pests are good at traveling between rooms through cracks and along electrical, ventilation, or pipe conduits.
Clutter and other unnecessary items provide more hiding places for bed bugs, and make it more difficult to detect and treat them. This is why a clean home and good housekeeping practices are so important in the fight against these pests.
The use of protective covers (encasements) that seal mattresses and box springs can further reduce the ability of these pests to access occupants while they are sleeping. These encasements are also effective in preventing the spread of bed bug nymphs, adults, and eggs. In addition, these encasements should be left in place for a year to remain as an effective barrier against pests.
It is never a good idea to discard furniture, including second-hand beds and sofas, even when they are infested. Doing so releases these pests into the community and can contribute to further infestations in other homes. Rather than throwing away infested furniture, residents should wrap it in plastic sheeting and put it at the curb or in an outdoor trash container (if permitted) where it can be picked up by local garbage collection officials.
Cultural Control
Bed bugs are a resilient pest that requires a multifaceted approach to control. In addition to pesticide applications, prevention, and sanitation are key to eliminating infestations. Although these strategies are often overlooked by residents in favor of more immediate chemical controls, they are essential to long-term success.
A bed bug problem is most likely to start in a bedroom but can spread to other rooms, especially living areas with sofa beds and chairs. Infestation can also spread between apartments or units in a multifamily building. This is why it is important to take a proactive approach to inspections and preventative maintenance.
Laundering infested linens and clothes in hot water with detergent, then heat drying for at least 20 minutes at high temperature, kills all stages of bed bugs. This is a simple solution but may not be practical for people with extensive collections of clothing and bedding or those living in multifamily dwellings. For these individuals, storing infested items in sealed plastic bags or containers can help keep them from spreading to other rooms.
Another preventive measure is to install interceptors, which are small cups that attach to the legs of a bed frame or under furniture. These trap the feet of bed bugs as they try to climb up and escape the bed, preventing them from reaching and biting a person. These are available from many hardware stores and online, as well as some major home improvement chains.
Other physical and mechanical barriers include mattress and box spring encasements. These products completely encase the mattress and box spring, making it impossible for bed bugs to enter or escape. This is a good choice for people who have already treated their beds and put in interceptors, as it provides an additional layer of protection.
Biological controls are also being studied as possible means of controlling bed bugs. Fungi that infect and kill insect pests, known as entomopathogenic fungi, have shown promise in treating bed bugs. This type of controlled release is attractive to researchers as it does not rely on chemical toxicity, which could lead to resistance.